Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by <i>Sclerotium rolfsii </i>in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire

Barakissa Bamba; Seydou Tuo; Souleymane Coulibaly; Aminata Dembélé; Daouda Koné

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11

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Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire

Barakissa Bamba^*, Seydou Tuo

, Souleymane Coulibaly, Aminata Dembélé, Daouda Koné

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 13, Issue 3)

Received: 19 June 2025 Accepted: 21 July 2025 Published: 22 July 2025

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Abstract

Southern blight, or white mold, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.), represents an emerging and concerning phytosanitary constraint threatening the sustainability of vegetable production systems in Côte d’Ivoire, particularly in agro-ecological zones with high production density. This study aimed to establish an epidemiological and socio-agronomic diagnosis of the disease, analyze farmers’ perceptions, and evaluate local phytosanitary management practices from a sustainability perspective. A multidisciplinary and participatory approach was implemented between 2021 and 2022 across six agro-ecological zones, combining phytopathological surveys on 223 plots, semi-structured interviews with producers, and morpho-diagnostic laboratory analyses. The results revealed a high disease prevalence, affecting 64.57% of the plots, with a maximum incidence of 34.44% and severity reaching 22.59% in the AEZ IV. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was the most affected host, followed by eggplant, peanut, and bean. Despite this widespread distribution, farmers’ knowledge remained limited. Only 52.91% of the producers recognized the symptoms from the images, and barely 13% could identify characteristic fungal structures (mycelium, sclerotia), which correlated with a high illiteracy rate (72.65%). The observed cultural practices (high-risk crop rotations, empirical fungicide applications, lack of effective prophylactic measures) were largely inappropriate. Multifactorial analyses indicated a significant influence of education level, gender, and geographic zone on farmers’ disease knowledge. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen farmers’ capacities through targeted training, integration of indigenous knowledge, and promotion of integrated management strategies within a context-specific framework for the sustainable management of southern blight in Ivorian vegetable production systems.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 13, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11
Page(s)	69-87
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sclerotium rolfsii, Southern blight, Vegetable Farming, Farmer Perception, Integrated Disease Management, Epidemiological Diagnosis, Agro-ecological Zones

References

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Bamba, B., Tuo, S., Coulibaly, S., Dembélé, A., Koné, D. (2025). Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire. American Journal of BioScience, 13(3), 69-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11

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Bamba, B.; Tuo, S.; Coulibaly, S.; Dembélé, A.; Koné, D. Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire. Am. J. BioScience 2025, 13(3), 69-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11

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AMA Style

Bamba B, Tuo S, Coulibaly S, Dembélé A, Koné D. Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire. Am J BioScience. 2025;13(3):69-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11,
  author = {Barakissa Bamba and Seydou Tuo and Souleymane Coulibaly and Aminata Dembélé and Daouda Koné},
  title = {Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {69-87},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20251303.11},
  abstract = {Southern blight, or white mold, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.), represents an emerging and concerning phytosanitary constraint threatening the sustainability of vegetable production systems in Côte d’Ivoire, particularly in agro-ecological zones with high production density. This study aimed to establish an epidemiological and socio-agronomic diagnosis of the disease, analyze farmers’ perceptions, and evaluate local phytosanitary management practices from a sustainability perspective. A multidisciplinary and participatory approach was implemented between 2021 and 2022 across six agro-ecological zones, combining phytopathological surveys on 223 plots, semi-structured interviews with producers, and morpho-diagnostic laboratory analyses. The results revealed a high disease prevalence, affecting 64.57% of the plots, with a maximum incidence of 34.44% and severity reaching 22.59% in the AEZ IV. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was the most affected host, followed by eggplant, peanut, and bean. Despite this widespread distribution, farmers’ knowledge remained limited. Only 52.91% of the producers recognized the symptoms from the images, and barely 13% could identify characteristic fungal structures (mycelium, sclerotia), which correlated with a high illiteracy rate (72.65%). The observed cultural practices (high-risk crop rotations, empirical fungicide applications, lack of effective prophylactic measures) were largely inappropriate. Multifactorial analyses indicated a significant influence of education level, gender, and geographic zone on farmers’ disease knowledge. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen farmers’ capacities through targeted training, integration of indigenous knowledge, and promotion of integrated management strategies within a context-specific framework for the sustainable management of southern blight in Ivorian vegetable production systems.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire
AU  - Barakissa Bamba
AU  - Seydou Tuo
AU  - Souleymane Coulibaly
AU  - Aminata Dembélé
AU  - Daouda Koné
Y1  - 2025/07/22
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 69
EP  - 87
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11
AB  - Southern blight, or white mold, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.), represents an emerging and concerning phytosanitary constraint threatening the sustainability of vegetable production systems in Côte d’Ivoire, particularly in agro-ecological zones with high production density. This study aimed to establish an epidemiological and socio-agronomic diagnosis of the disease, analyze farmers’ perceptions, and evaluate local phytosanitary management practices from a sustainability perspective. A multidisciplinary and participatory approach was implemented between 2021 and 2022 across six agro-ecological zones, combining phytopathological surveys on 223 plots, semi-structured interviews with producers, and morpho-diagnostic laboratory analyses. The results revealed a high disease prevalence, affecting 64.57% of the plots, with a maximum incidence of 34.44% and severity reaching 22.59% in the AEZ IV. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was the most affected host, followed by eggplant, peanut, and bean. Despite this widespread distribution, farmers’ knowledge remained limited. Only 52.91% of the producers recognized the symptoms from the images, and barely 13% could identify characteristic fungal structures (mycelium, sclerotia), which correlated with a high illiteracy rate (72.65%). The observed cultural practices (high-risk crop rotations, empirical fungicide applications, lack of effective prophylactic measures) were largely inappropriate. Multifactorial analyses indicated a significant influence of education level, gender, and geographic zone on farmers’ disease knowledge. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen farmers’ capacities through targeted training, integration of indigenous knowledge, and promotion of integrated management strategies within a context-specific framework for the sustainable management of southern blight in Ivorian vegetable production systems.
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Barakissa Bamba

Plant Physiology and Pathology Teaching and Research Unit, University of Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY, UFR Biosciences, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Contact Email
Seydou Tuo

Plant Physiology and Pathology Teaching and Research Unit, University of Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY, UFR Biosciences, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (Wascal/CEA-CCBAD), Wascal/African Center of Excellence on Climate Change, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-3899
Souleymane Coulibaly

Life and Earth Sciences, Science and Technology Department, Normal Superior School (ENS), d' Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Aminata Dembélé

Plant Physiology and Pathology Teaching and Research Unit, University of Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY, UFR Biosciences, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Daouda Koné

Plant Physiology and Pathology Teaching and Research Unit, University of Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY, UFR Biosciences, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (Wascal/CEA-CCBAD), Wascal/African Center of Excellence on Climate Change, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-657X

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Bamba, B., Tuo, S., Coulibaly, S., Dembélé, A., Koné, D. (2025). Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire. American Journal of BioScience, 13(3), 69-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11

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Bamba, B.; Tuo, S.; Coulibaly, S.; Dembélé, A.; Koné, D. Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire. Am. J. BioScience 2025, 13(3), 69-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11

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AMA Style

Bamba B, Tuo S, Coulibaly S, Dembélé A, Koné D. Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire. Am J BioScience. 2025;13(3):69-87. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11,
  author = {Barakissa Bamba and Seydou Tuo and Souleymane Coulibaly and Aminata Dembélé and Daouda Koné},
  title = {Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {69-87},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20251303.11},
  abstract = {Southern blight, or white mold, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.), represents an emerging and concerning phytosanitary constraint threatening the sustainability of vegetable production systems in Côte d’Ivoire, particularly in agro-ecological zones with high production density. This study aimed to establish an epidemiological and socio-agronomic diagnosis of the disease, analyze farmers’ perceptions, and evaluate local phytosanitary management practices from a sustainability perspective. A multidisciplinary and participatory approach was implemented between 2021 and 2022 across six agro-ecological zones, combining phytopathological surveys on 223 plots, semi-structured interviews with producers, and morpho-diagnostic laboratory analyses. The results revealed a high disease prevalence, affecting 64.57% of the plots, with a maximum incidence of 34.44% and severity reaching 22.59% in the AEZ IV. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was the most affected host, followed by eggplant, peanut, and bean. Despite this widespread distribution, farmers’ knowledge remained limited. Only 52.91% of the producers recognized the symptoms from the images, and barely 13% could identify characteristic fungal structures (mycelium, sclerotia), which correlated with a high illiteracy rate (72.65%). The observed cultural practices (high-risk crop rotations, empirical fungicide applications, lack of effective prophylactic measures) were largely inappropriate. Multifactorial analyses indicated a significant influence of education level, gender, and geographic zone on farmers’ disease knowledge. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen farmers’ capacities through targeted training, integration of indigenous knowledge, and promotion of integrated management strategies within a context-specific framework for the sustainable management of southern blight in Ivorian vegetable production systems.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Socio-epidemiological Characterization and Phytosanitary Diagnosis of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Vegetable Production Systems in Côte d’Ivoire
AU  - Barakissa Bamba
AU  - Seydou Tuo
AU  - Souleymane Coulibaly
AU  - Aminata Dembélé
AU  - Daouda Koné
Y1  - 2025/07/22
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 69
EP  - 87
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.11
AB  - Southern blight, or white mold, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.), represents an emerging and concerning phytosanitary constraint threatening the sustainability of vegetable production systems in Côte d’Ivoire, particularly in agro-ecological zones with high production density. This study aimed to establish an epidemiological and socio-agronomic diagnosis of the disease, analyze farmers’ perceptions, and evaluate local phytosanitary management practices from a sustainability perspective. A multidisciplinary and participatory approach was implemented between 2021 and 2022 across six agro-ecological zones, combining phytopathological surveys on 223 plots, semi-structured interviews with producers, and morpho-diagnostic laboratory analyses. The results revealed a high disease prevalence, affecting 64.57% of the plots, with a maximum incidence of 34.44% and severity reaching 22.59% in the AEZ IV. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was the most affected host, followed by eggplant, peanut, and bean. Despite this widespread distribution, farmers’ knowledge remained limited. Only 52.91% of the producers recognized the symptoms from the images, and barely 13% could identify characteristic fungal structures (mycelium, sclerotia), which correlated with a high illiteracy rate (72.65%). The observed cultural practices (high-risk crop rotations, empirical fungicide applications, lack of effective prophylactic measures) were largely inappropriate. Multifactorial analyses indicated a significant influence of education level, gender, and geographic zone on farmers’ disease knowledge. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen farmers’ capacities through targeted training, integration of indigenous knowledge, and promotion of integrated management strategies within a context-specific framework for the sustainable management of southern blight in Ivorian vegetable production systems.
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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